#使用GCC編譯器設(shè)置選擇性不優(yōu)化某段代碼

#pragma?GCC?push_options
#pragma?GCC?optimize?("O0")
#pragma?GCC?pop_options

push 的意思是把當(dāng)前的編譯優(yōu)化選項(xiàng)壓棧，然后再設(shè)置當(dāng)前的優(yōu)化選項(xiàng)，之后再出棧，把之前壓棧的選項(xiàng)提取出來。

具體可以參考鏈接：

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.4.2/gcc/Function-Specific-Option-Pragmas.html

鏈接里面還介紹了一些其他的用法，原文如下

5.52.12?Function?Specific?Option?Pragmas
#pragma?GCC?target?("string"...)
This?pragma?allows?you?to?set?target?specific?options?for?functions?defined?later?in?the?source?file.?One?or?more?strings?can?be?specified.?Each?function?that?is?defined?after?this?point?will?be?as?if?attribute((target("STRING")))?was?specified?for?that?function.?The?parenthesis?around?the?options?is?optional.?See?Function?Attributes,?for?more?information?about?the?target?attribute?and?the?attribute?syntax.
The?`#pragma?GCC?target'?pragma?is?not?implemented?in?GCC?versions?earlier?than?4.4,?and?is?currently?only?implemented?for?the?386?and?x86_64?backends.

#pragma?GCC?optimize?("string"...)
This?pragma?allows?you?to?set?global?optimization?options?for?functions?defined?later?in?the?source?file.?One?or?more?strings?can?be?specified.?Each?function?that?is?defined?after?this?point?will?be?as?if?attribute((optimize("STRING")))?was?specified?for?that?function.?The?parenthesis?around?the?options?is?optional.?See?Function?Attributes,?for?more?information?about?the?optimize?attribute?and?the?attribute?syntax.
The?`#pragma?GCC?optimize'?pragma?is?not?implemented?in?GCC?versions?earlier?than?4.4.

#pragma?GCC?push_options
#pragma?GCC?pop_options
These?pragmas?maintain?a?stack?of?the?current?target?and?optimization?options.?It?is?intended?for?include?files?where?you?temporarily?want?to?switch?to?using?a?different?`#pragma?GCC?target'?or?`#pragma?GCC?optimize'?and?then?to?pop?back?to?the?previous?options.
The?`#pragma?GCC?push_options'?and?`#pragma?GCC?pop_options'?pragmas?are?not?implemented?in?GCC?versions?earlier?than?4.4.

#pragma?GCC?reset_options
This?pragma?clears?the?current?#pragma?GCC?target?and?#pragma?GCC?optimize?to?use?the?default?switches?as?specified?on?the?command?line.
The?`#pragma?GCC?reset_options'?pragma?is?not?implemented?in?GCC?versions?earlier?than?4.4.

#當(dāng)然還有指定某個(gè)函數(shù)設(shè)置優(yōu)化等級(jí)

int?max(int?a,?int?b)?__attribute__((optimize("O0")));
{
?return?a?}

#使用volatile 關(guān)鍵字避免編譯器優(yōu)化

volatile 的作用是提醒CPU，如果遇到被volatile 修飾的變量，要從內(nèi)存里面去取值，而不要偷懶，直接從緩存里面取值，我們一般是用在那些被中斷處理函數(shù)使用的那些變量。

如果有些代碼，你不希望CPU偷懶，那你就可以加上volatile ，讓CPU從內(nèi)存取數(shù)據(jù)。

CSDN上有這樣一個(gè)例子

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28637193/article/details/88988951今天碰到一個(gè)gcc優(yōu)化相關(guān)的問題，為了讓一個(gè)頁變成臟頁（頁表中dirty位被置上），需要執(zhí)行下面這段代碼：

1?uint32_t?*page;
2?//?...
3?page[0]?=?page[0];
最后一行代碼很有可能被gcc優(yōu)化掉，因?yàn)檫@段代碼看起來沒有任何實(shí)際的作用。那么如何防止gcc對(duì)這段代碼做優(yōu)化呢？

設(shè)置gcc編譯時(shí)優(yōu)化級(jí)別為-O0肯定是不合適的，這樣對(duì)程序性能影響會(huì)比較大。stackoverflow上的Dietrich Epp給出了一個(gè)強(qiáng)制類型轉(zhuǎn)換的方案：

((unsigned?char?volatile?*)page)[0]?=?page[0];
通過volatile關(guān)鍵字禁止gcc的優(yōu)化